短期非融合固定治疗枢椎齿状突Ⅱ型骨折后的颈椎活动度

[目的]探讨短期寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合固定治疗枢椎齿状突Ⅱ型骨折后颈椎活动功能。[方法]2012年2月~2017年12月,选取枢椎齿状突II型骨折后接受后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定术,并二次手术取出内固定物的患者32例。对比患者自身前后两次手术后颈椎过伸过屈、左右旋转角度,同时参考正常人群颈椎活动度进行比较。[结果]32例患者均顺利完成C1/2椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定术,经影像学确认内固定位置良好,无血管、神经损伤等并发症的发生。于初次内固定术后4~15个月,平均(9.55±2.72)个月,32例患者再次入院行内固定取出术。取内固定术后平均随访(16.41±4.25)个月。末次随访时32例患者前屈、后伸、左旋转和右旋转ROM均显著大于取内固定之前角度(P<0.05),但仍显著不及正常人。[结论]短期寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折,可有效保留颈椎活动功能,值得临床推广应用。     

芒针对脊髓损伤大鼠运动功能和炎症水平的影响

目的探究芒针深刺秩边穴对大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能的影响及可能作用机制。方法选择健康雄性Wister大鼠81只,随机分为正常组、模型组和芒针组(正常组9只,其余两组各36只),采用改良Allen's造模法制备大鼠脊髓中度损伤模型,模型组不做特殊处理,芒针组采用芒针深刺秩边穴,每日1次,每次30 min。分别于术后1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d行BBB(Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan)运动功能评分;术后1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d取受损段脊髓组织行酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和苏木素-伊红染色(HE染色)。结果术后5 d和7 d,芒针组大鼠BBB评分高于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);脊髓损伤后,模型组和芒针组大鼠脊髓组织中高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、核转录因子kB(NF-kB)、白介素-6(IL-6)含量及HMGB1mRNA、NF-kBmRNA、IL-6mRNA水平显著升高(P<0.05);受损的脊髓组织松散,灰质中有许多空洞形成,伴有炎性细胞浸润。芒针治疗后,芒针组大鼠脊髓组织中HMGB1、NF-kB、IL-6含量及HMGB1mRNA、NF-kBmRNA、IL-6mRNA水平较模型组降低,且在3 d、5 d、7 d差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);受损部位的空洞及炎性细胞逐渐减少。结论脊髓损伤后,炎症因子的大量聚集引起级联性炎症反应,影响大鼠运动功能的恢复。芒针的抗炎机制可能包括抑制HMGB1的表达,降低NF-kB信号通路的传导,下调促炎因子IL-6的分泌。     

耳穴贴压联合俞募配穴针刺治疗中风后便秘疗效观察

目的观察耳穴贴压联合俞募配穴针刺治疗中风后便秘(虚秘)的临床疗效。方法将80例中风后便秘(虚秘)患者随机分为治疗组40例、对照组40例。在中风常规治疗、护理及康复训练下,治疗组采用耳穴贴压联合俞募配穴针刺,对照组采用普通针刺法。对两组患者临床疗效、便秘症状积分、胃肠激素水平及生存质量进行比较。结果两组治疗后胃肠激素P物质(SP)水平及便秘患者生存质量量表(PAC-QOL)评分均有显著提高(P<0.01),且治疗组治疗后明显高于对照组(P<0.01),两组治疗后便秘症状积分、胃肠激素血管活性肠肽(VIP)水平均显著降低(P<0.01),且治疗组治疗后低于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组总有效率为87.5%,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论耳穴贴压联合俞募配穴针刺治疗中风后便秘(虚秘)具有良好疗效。     

Maintenance Therapy for Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma After Total Skin Electron Irradiation: Evidence for Improved Overall Survival With Ultraviolet Therapy

BackgroundTreatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with total skin electron beam (TSEB) therapy has been associated with deep responses but short progression-free intervals. Maintenance therapy might prolong the response duration; however, limited data assessing the outcomes with maintenance therapy after TSEB are available. We evaluated the effect of maintenance therapy on the outcomes for patients with CTCL receiving TSEB therapy.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of 101 patients with CTCL who had received TSEB therapy from 1998 to 2018 at the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University and compared the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients had received maintenance therapy, including retinoids, interferon, ultraviolet therapy, nitrogen mustard, and extracorporeal photopheresis compared with those who had not.ResultsWe found that pooled maintenance therapies improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; P = .026) but not OS (median HR, 0.73; P = .264). The median PFS and OS was 7.2 months versus 9.6 months and 2.4 years versus 4.2 years for the no maintenance and maintenance groups, respectively. On exploratory analysis of the individual regimens, ultraviolet therapy was associated with improved OS (HR, 0.21; P = .034) and PFS (HR, 0.26; P = .002) compared with no maintenance.ConclusionAmong the patients with CTCL who had received TSEB therapy, maintenance therapy improved PFS for all patients, and ultraviolet-based maintenance improved both PFS and OS in a subset of patients.     

Body Mass Index and Hormone Receptor Status Influence Recurrence Risk in HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer Patients

IntroductionA reliable risk stratification on the basis of tumor biology and host factors of HER2-positive (HER2⁺) early breast cancer (eBC) patients is needed. The aim of our study was to assess the prognostic role of body mass index (BMI) and hormone receptor (HR) expression in this setting.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 238 women with stage I to III HER2⁺ breast cancer who completed adjuvant chemotherapy (CHT) and 1 year of treatment with trastuzumab. The end point was 3-year distant disease-free survival (3yDDFS). Survival analysis was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional-hazards model adjusting for HR status, BMI, tumor staging, size, nodal status, and type of adjuvant CHT. Association among categorical variables was assessed using χ² test.ResultsThe early recurrence rate after 3 years resulted as 4.2% (40% HR⁺ patients and 60% HR⁻ patients). Neither HR status nor BMI alone showed an association with 3yDDFS in multivariate analysis. However, the hazard ratios for patients with HR⁻ tumors who had also BMI ≥25 (3yDDFS 86.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 75.0%-97.7%) were amplified compared with patients with HR⁺ tumors and with BMI <25 (3yDDFS 98%; 95% CI, 94.8%-100.0%) and other subgroups (P = .003). This observation was confirmed in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.04-3.07; P = .03).ConclusionOur real-life data highlight a different risk of eBC recurrence after grouping patients according to HR status and BMI. These results might help clinicians to identify correct treatment strategies. Patients who are HR⁻ and have BMI ≥25 might benefit from escalation approaches, whereas those who are HR⁺ and have BMI <25 might be eligible for a shorter duration of adjuvant treatment with anti-HER2 agents.     

Immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma: Metastatic disease and beyond

For advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinomas (UCs), platinum (preferably cisplatin)‐based chemotherapy has been the standard treatment for many years. However, many patients are ineligible for cisplatin‐based chemotherapy because of poor performance status and/or other age‐related conditions. At the other end of the spectrum, patients with localized non‐muscle–invasive bladder cancer who are unresponsive to intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) treatment often face radical cystectomy as the only option. In recent years, the application of immunotherapy in the form of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors has provided viable alternatives in the second‐line postplatinum and first‐line cisplatin‐ineligible settings. Recent and ongoing clinical trials are also assessing the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy for neoadjuvant and adjuvant uses before/after cystectomy, for BCG‐unresponsive cases, and for combination treatments that include the newer indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase‐1 inhibitors and/or BCG. This review summarizes recent developments in immunotherapy for UCs.     

基于现代文献的放血疗法疾病谱研究

目的归纳放血疗法近10年的临床研究文献,总结放血疗法疾病谱。方法计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、万方数据库(WANFANG DATA)、PubMed、Cochrane library中有关放血疗法的临床研究文献,各数据库检索时间从2009年1月1日起至2019年2月28日。经阅读筛选后记录每篇文献的病症名,统计各病种文献量,并对各病症系统进行分类总结。结果共纳入文献4288篇,涉及疾病349种,分布于17个系统,其中文献最多的前10种疾病依次是带状疱疹(394)、痤疮(321)、脑血管病(包括出血性、缺血性及其并发症和后遗症,247)、周围性面瘫(218)、痛风性关节炎(183)、带状疱疹后遗神经痛(164)、颈椎病(162)、腰椎间盘突出症(161)、膝骨性关节炎(136)、偏头痛(121)。这些疾病的文献量均≥100,共计2107篇,约占文献总数的49.14%。结论放血疗法的适应症广泛,但优势病种相对集中,主要为神经系统疾病。